Gain scheduling is one of the most popular nonlinear control design approaches which has been widely and successfully applied in fields ranging from aerospace to process control.Despite the wide application of gain scheduling controllers, there is a notable lack of analysis on the Stability of these controllers. The most common application of these kinds of controllers is in the field of flight control and autopilots. The main goal of this paper is to apply a methodology to prove Stability of a gain scheduled controller used in directing Skid-to-Turn missiles. One of the most widespread applications of gain scheduling controller is the main problem of this paper. To design the controller we use pole placement in state feedback controllers and a kind of innovative interpolation to reduce jumping in gains related to changing the flight conditions. Finally we utilize root locus and Kharitonov’s Theorem to prove Stability of the linearized plant. The presented approach for Stability analysis is distinctive in the literature.

The essay includes two parts. The author presents the first part with the history and background of "proof-based Consensus" and the decrees of jurists and fundamentalists over its authenticity. He concludes that most of late and contemporary jurists do not believe the proof-based consensus to be authentic, however, some of them and early and past jurists hold the contrary idea.In the second part, he evaluates the proof-based consensus considering different basis of authenticity of the consensus. He concludes that due to Imam-supported, blessed, and supposed consensus, and some of the suppositions of asserted consensus, proof-based consensus can be considered as authentic. On the other hand, he declares that due to the discovered consensus by genuine proof or based on the approval of Imam Mahdi (A.S.), and some of the suppositions of asserted consensus, proof-based consensus cannot be authentic.

One of the main functions of evidence law is to demonstrate the applicable standard of proof. In some kinds of evidence, it is not the case because fact finders make decisions according to the probative value of the evidence. In other pieces of evidence, there may be a need to find a standard. Lawyers trained in common law systems often enquire about the applicable standard of proof but in civil law countries and particularly Iranian law it depends on the discretion of judges and there are no clear rules. Instead, fact-finding standards are based on some general principles. In common-law systems, the standard of proof requires in ordinary civil cases the party who bears the burden of proof to establish by a "preponderance of the evidence". In some other civil cases "Clear and convincing" evidence is the main standard and in criminal cases "Beyond all reasonable doubt". By using normative considerations of efficiency, on the one hand, we may argue and propose that as the main principle, multiple standards are more efficient and will better align decision-making with fact-finding goals than using a unique standard and on the other hand, the preponderance of the evidence and clear and convincing evidence may be regarded as main standards.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using portulaca oleracea as a source of plant antioxidants for feeding fattening male lambs, on carcass traits, meat quality, and oxidative Stability. Twenty-one male lambs with an average weight of 24±1.5 kg and 150±15 days old were fed with one of the experimental rations included a diet without portulaca oleracea as control, a diet containing 7.5%, and a diet containing 15% portulaca oleracea, for 84 days. The muscle (Longissimus dorsi) samplewas used to determine pH, chemical composition, colorimetric properties, and oxidative Stability of meat. Meat lipid oxidation was determined after 1, 7, and 30 days of refrigerated storage using thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The use of portulaca oleracea in diets improved meat color characteristics such as L, chroma, and Hue. The highest ash concentration and the lowest meat moisture were observed in the treatment of 15% portulaca oleracea (P<0.05). Meat pH was the lowest in the first hour after slaughter but did not differ at 24 h. Compared to the control, in both treatment groups feeding the lambs with portulaca significantly reduced the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the meat of the lambs and increased the meat oxidative Stability (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding portulaca oleracea by improving properties such as color and increasing the meat oxidative Stability improves meat quality, which may have lead to an increase in its nutritional value in terms of human health.

Argumentation and proof are important and valuable aspects of mathematics. Without realizing the arguments and proofs, the full understanding and understanding of the students of mathematics will not be realized. Understanding the methods of reasoning makes students more aware of mathematics and its beauties and develops their rational thinking and makes students do not look at mathematics as a mere procedural knowledge. Mathematicians have proven worthwhile arguments and arguments that are not worthy of consideration. In this article, the views of some mathematicians and mathematicians on the reasoning and the proof of its importance and necessity are expressed. Arguments are also described along with examples. Among the methods of reasoning that we are discussing in this article are: intuitive understanding, allegorical reasoning, inductive reasoning, mathematical induction, deductive reasoning, and the method of posterior argument. In this paper, each of them is defined and described, and the strengths of each one are expressed.

For searehing about truthful proof we are in need of two ways, historical research, that is which philosopher payed attention to this proof for the first time, and then who and how they continued and developedit. And through thinking about form and substance of proof find out the bases of the proof, what kind of analogy had been used and how they end to the elemen truths. This article tries to consider these two important points, and shows the formation of trathful proof from the age of Farabi until the contemporary.

What are the common attributes of the mathematical proofs? Various answers to this question have been provided: Some deny any conceptual commonness among proofs, while others accept the conceptual duality or multiplicity of mathematical proofs. They believe that “ the mathematical proof” refers to two or more distinct concepts sharing the "same name". This paper shows that, first, the mathematical and non-mathematical proofs are instances of a vague and single concept: the successful or correct reasoning. And second, in all mathematical proofs and their definitions, an argument pattern must meet three conditions: being rigour, surveyable, and reliable in all possible words. If the first two conditions are met, the mentioned argument can be characterized as "mathematical"; and if the third condition is satisfied, that argument can be characterized as "correct". So four conceptual components, in all mathematical proofs and their definitions, are common: argument, being rigour, surveyability, and correctness. Thirdly, all disagreements about the concept of mathematical proof are due to different interpretations of each of the four aforementioned components. That is, several philosophers and mathematicians have proposed different interpretations of each of the four basic components of the mathematical proof.

Contingency proof is one of the oldest proofs of the existence of God, which enjoys numerous theological and philosophical expositions. What is examined in this article is the conventional form of this proof in the West, which has addressed the temporal contingency of universe and thereby demonstrated the existence of God. Its other expositions like essential contingency as well as substantial contingency, which are of special interest to Islamic philosophy, have either received no attention at all or not clearly stated. In this article, relying on the old and new scientific and theological sources of the West, the writer intends to reappraise and review this issue. Hereby, two rational proofs and two scientific arguments on its most significant premise have been presented. Its two rational proofs stress on the impossibility of actual infinite existence and the impossibility of addition to potential infinite and its transformation into actual infinite; and its two scientific arguments are adopted from the patterns of creation and thermodynamic principles. Bringing up various theories of the pros and cons among the philosophers and theologians, the article proceeds to present a critical review of the above issue.